医学考试中心内科密卷.doc

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.哪种物质直接作用于体温调节中枢引起发热        A 病原体产生的外源性致热原        B 病原体产生的内源性致热原        C 血液中白细胞产生的外源性致热原        D 血液中白细胞产生的内源性致热原        E 血液中白细胞及病原体的代谢产物        D
2.下列哪种疾病不是朊毒体感染        A 克-雅病        B 莱姆病        C 库鲁病        D 裘-斯综合征        E 致命性家族失眠症        B
3.中度发热的口腔温度是        A 37～37.2℃        B 37.3～37.9℃        C 38～38.9℃        D 39～40.9℃        E 41℃以上        C
4.国人咯血的常见原因是        A 肺结核        B 肺吸虫        C 肺梗死        D 肺淤血        E 肺癌        A
5.何谓大量咯血        A 日咯血量>100ml        B 日咯血量>200ml        C 一次咯血量>100ml        D 一次咯血量>200ml        E 一次咯血量>300ml        E
6.血中Hb含量低于多少时，即使重度缺氧，亦难发现发绀&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A <50g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B <60g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C <70g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D <80g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E <90g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
7.血中还原红蛋白至少达多少时，皮肤粘膜可出现发绀&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A >70g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B >65g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C >60g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D >55g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E >50g/L&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
8.语音震颤增强见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 阻塞性肺不张&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 胸膜肥厚粘连&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 接近胸膜的肺内大空洞&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 胸腔积液&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 以上都不是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
9.以肺组织含气量由多到少为序，叩诊音的排序是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 鼓音-过清音-清音-浊音-实音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 鼓音-清音-过清音-浊音-实音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 过清音-鼓音-清音-浊音-实音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 过清音-鼓音-清音-实音-浊音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 鼓音-过清音-清音-实音-浊音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A
10.痰鸣音属于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 响亮性湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 非响亮性湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 细湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 中湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 粗湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
11.正常人肩胛间区第3、4胸椎水平可听及的呼吸音是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 支气管肺泡呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 支气管呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 肺泡呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 断续性呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 粗糙性呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A
12.正常人背部第1、2胸椎附近可听及的呼吸音是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 粗糙性呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 齿轮状呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 支气管呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 肺泡呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 支气管肺泡呼吸音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
13.喘鸣音属于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 胸语音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 湿啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 干啰音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 羊鸣音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 爆裂音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
14.最常能听到的胸膜摩擦音的部位是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 前上侧胸壁&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 前下侧胸壁&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 前下胸壁&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 后下胸壁&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 肩胛间区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
15.心绞痛的牵涉痛表现为&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 剑突下痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 胸骨体中段痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 左前臂内侧痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 胸骨体上段之后痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 心前区痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
16.胸骨后痛可见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 胸膜炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 心脏神经官能症&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 肺梗死&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 自发性气胸&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 反流性食管炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
17.可出现牵涉痛的疾病是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 带状疱疹&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 肋软骨炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 肋间神经炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 心绞痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 肺癌&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
18.胸痛的性质可提示某种疾病，下列哪项正确&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 绞窄性痛-肺梗死&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 闷痛-肺癌&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 撕裂痛-带状疱疹&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 刀割样痛-干性胸膜炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 尖锐刺痛-心绞痛&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
19.吸气性呼吸困难见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 脑外伤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 甲状腺肿大&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 心肌病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 大量胸腔积液&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 有机磷中毒&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
20.呼气性呼吸困难见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 急性喉炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 气管异物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 阻塞性肺气肿&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 老年性肺气肿&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 肺不张&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
21.混合性呼吸困难见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 急性喉炎&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 气管异物&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 支气管哮喘&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 大量胸腔积液&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 颅脑外伤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
22.Kussmaul呼吸常见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 急性传染病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B **类药物中毒&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 尿毒症&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 脑出血&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 重度贫血&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
23.Cheyne-Stokess呼吸常见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 急性传染病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B **类药物中毒&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 尿毒症&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 癔病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 重度贫血&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
24.Biots呼吸常见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 急性传染病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B **类药物中毒&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 尿毒症&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 癔症&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 重度贫血&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
25.按发生机制，呼吸遏制见于哪类呼吸困难&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 肺源性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 心源性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 中毒性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 呼吸中枢性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 精神性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
26.按发生机制，双吸气见于哪类呼吸困难&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 肺源性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 心源性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 中毒性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 呼吸中枢性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 精神性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
27.水肿这一术语不包括下列哪种情况&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 阴囊积水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 腹腔积水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 心包积水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 胸腔积水&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 脑水肿&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
28.原发性醛固酮增多症时，产生水肿的主要始动因素是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 毛细血管滤过压增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 毛细血管通透性增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 水与钠潴留&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 血浆胶体渗透压降低&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 淋巴液回流受阻&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
29.右心衰竭时，产生水肿的主要始动因素是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 毛细血管滤过压增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 毛细血管通透性增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 水与钠潴留&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 血浆胶体渗透压降低&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 淋巴液回流受阻&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A
30.急性肾炎时，产生水肿的主要始动因素是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 毛细血管滤过压增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 毛细血管通透性增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 钠与水的潴留&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 血浆胶体渗透压降低&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 淋巴液回流受阻&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
31.肾病综合征时，产生水肿的主要始动因素是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 毛细血管滤过压增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 毛细血管通透性增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 钠与水的潴留&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 血浆胶体渗透压降低&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 淋巴液回流受阻&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
32.丝虫病时，产生水肿的主要因素是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 毛细血管滤过压增高&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 毛细血管通透性&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 钠与水的潴留&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 血浆胶体渗透压降低&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 淋巴液回流受阻&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
33.正常人平卧时，颈外静脉在锁骨上 缘至下颌角间的充盈水平在&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 不显露&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 下2/3以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 下1/2以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 下1/3以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 以上都不对&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
34.正常人立位或坐位时，颈外静脉在锁骨上缘至下颌角间的充盈水平是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 常不显露&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 下2/3以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 下1/2以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 下1/3以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 下2.5以内&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A
35.哪种**时颈外静脉充盈度超过正常水平，称为颈静脉怒张&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 10°～25°的半卧位&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 20°～25°的半卧位&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 30°～45°的半卧位&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 40°～55°的半卧位&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 50°～65°的半卧位&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
36.颈外静脉怒张伴收缩期搏动见于&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 三尖瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 三尖瓣狭窄&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 二尖瓣狭窄&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 二尖瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 主动脉瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A
37.心脏触诊检查震颤，通用的正确手法是用&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 全手掌&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 手掌尺侧&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 手掌桡侧&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 2～4指指腹&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 拇指指腹&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B
38.下列哪种情况常有震颤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 主动脉瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 肺动脉瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 动脉导管关闭&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 二尖瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 三尖瓣关闭不全&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C
39.心脏触诊关于震颤的描述，哪项错误&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 震颤又称猫喘&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 器质性心脏病不一定有震颤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 震颤肯定有器质性心脏病&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 有震颤可一定能听到杂音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 听到杂音一定能触到震颤&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E
40.心脏瓣膜Erb听诊区又称&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 二尖瓣听诊区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 肺动脉瓣听诊区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 主动脉瓣听诊区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 主动脉瓣第二听诊区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 三尖瓣听诊区&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D
41.心尖区听诊最清晰的心音是&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A 第一心音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; B 第二心音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C 第三心音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; D 第四心音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; E 第五心音&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; A