马上注册，结交更多好友，享用更多功能，让你轻松玩转社区。
您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看，没有帐号？注册
x
本帖最后由 weibd 于 2011-3-21 23:26 编辑
职称英语A类白送30分，其中完型15分，阅读15分。 阅读
第三十四篇Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance
The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue. Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy. They constitute a growing and global public health problem. WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to re***rce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.
An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics. The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.
While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.
Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments. the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.
WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance; rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or
enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without presc**tion; and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures. including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.
Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.
WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO's World Health Day 2011.
练习：
1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?
A. The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.
2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?
C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.
3. Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?
D Those who study in universities.
4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT
D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.
5.What can you infer from the passage?
B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.
完型Pandemic H1N1 1 2009
The most active areas of pandemic influenza transmission currently are in central and eastern Europe. Focal increases in rates during recent weeks were reported in at least two eastern European countries. A high intensity of respiratory diseases activity （1）withconcurrent circulation of pandemic influenza still （2）exists inparts of southern and eastern Europe, （3）particularlyin Greece, Poland，and Ukraine.
In Western Europe，influenza （4 ）transmissionremains active and widespread, but overall disease activity has peaked. All influenza viruses in Western Europe were pandemic H1N1 2009, however, very small （5 ）numbersof seasonal influenza viruses，covering less than l% of all influenza viruses （6 ）found，were reported in Russia. （7）In addition，limited available data indicate that active, high intensity transmission is occurring in Northern African countries （8 ）alongthe Mediterranean coast.
In Central Asia，limited data （9）suggestthat influenza virus circulation remains active, but transmission may have recently peaked in some places. In West Asia，Israel，Iran，and Iraq also appear （10 ）to have passed their peak period of transmission within the past month，though （11 ）both areas continue to have some active transmission and levels of respiratory disease activity have not yet returned to baseline levels. In East Asia，influenza transmission remains active but appears to be （12）decliningoverall. （13）Slightincreases in ILI2 were reported in Mongolia after weeks of declining activity following a large peak of activity over one month ago.
In North America，influenza transmission （14）remainswidespread but has declined quickly in all countries. In the tropical regions of Central and South America and the Caribbean，influenza transmission remains geographically widespread but overall disease activity has been declining or remains unchanged in most parts，（15）except forfocal increases in respiratory disease activity in a few countries. | 
[复制链接]
发表于 2011-3-21 23:24
lilinaijing
bootmastee
时连1980
收藏
分享
淘帖
支持
