新的瘟疫 -极度抗药性结核病

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　　极度抗药性结核病”（Extensively Drug Resistant TB，又称：Extremely Drug Resistant TB，简称：“XDR-TB”），结核病患者在耐多药的基础上,对6种主要二线抗结核药物(氨基糖甙类、多肽类、氟喹诺酮类、硫胺类、环丝氨酸和对氨基水杨酸)中≥3种耐药的MDR-TB。“极度抗药性结核病”的出现，主要是由于对结核病治疗不当引起的，常见问题包括处方不当、药物质量低劣、药品{MOD}无保障、病人不坚持服药，等等。极度抗药性结核菌目前可以说无药可医，患者只能坐以待毙。这种最新出现的结核病对公公卫生构成了一大威胁。目前医学界正在寻找对付此种结核病菌的方法，但尚未取得任何突破。
　　Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR T, defined as cases of TB disease in persons whose Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were resistant to isoniazid and rifampin and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (aminoglycosides, polypeptides, fluoroquinolones, thioamides, cycloserine, and para-aminosalicyclic acid), The greatest concern is that XDR TB leaves some patients virtually untreatable with currently available drugs. XDR TB poses a grave public health threat, especially in populations with high rates of HIV and where there are few health care resources.
　　2006-11-15
　　Laboratory XDR-TB definition: XDR-TB is defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid from among the first-line anti-TB drugs (which is the definition of MDR-T in addition to resistance to any fluoroquinolone, and to at least one of three injectable second-line anti-TB drugs used in TB treatment (capreomycin, kanamicin, and amikacin).