临床执业医师资格考试模拟题(一）英语

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Quesiions 51-55 are based on the following passage.
　　Mrs. Jean Javis and Mrs. Maureen O`Brien live a few miles apart in Essex. They are identical twins, but they were adopted at birth and reared separately. Yet the similarities in their patterns of life, school reports, interests and family size --- they both have one son and one daughter --- have made them walking laboratories for scientists, who are fascinated to discover what influences hereditary factors in people.
From such research, psychologists hope to discover more about the mysteries of genetic engineering for manipulating individual genes under the microscope. Scientists still do not understand why and how an embryo developing from a single fertilised egg can separate into two identical people. Jean and Maureen are involved in these investigations as part of a project called the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, which is being undertaken by a team working with Professor Thomas Bouchard.
　　The pointers from that work confirm that the effect of genetic influence on intelligence is stronger (about 60 percent to 40 percent) than the environmental
influence and that the genetic influence on personality is about 50 percent, the other 50 percent being influenced by environrnent. The twins are participating with 28 other pairs, each reared apart, in an effort to estimate the relative contribution of genes and environment for a wide range of events during the human lifetime. These includes dietary habits, the age at which specific changes in body weight occurred, age at marriage, age at birth of children and spacing of children, age of puberty and menopause, age of starting of smoking and drinking, and so on.
　　Overall, a substantial genetic influence is found likely in the timing of these events. The environmental factors contributing to these behaviour patterns are more difficult to identify.
51. Scientists are primarily interested in Jean and Maureen because they__________.
　　A. were adopted at birth
　　B. each have a son and a daughter
　　C. are identical twins who have never lived apart
　　D. can help research into the influence of
hereditary factors
52. By "walking laboratories" in the first paragraph is actually meant__________.
　　A. a son and a daughter B. mobile laboratories
　　C. a pair of twins D. Jean and Maureen

53. One of the main aims of the Minnesota Study is to__________.
　　A. research the causes of human behaviour
　　B. improve the design and structure of the microscope
　　C. increase our ***rmation about the environment
　　D. help people like Jean and Maureen understand each other

54. 'Personality is influenced as much by genes as by the environment.' The results of the Minnesota Study so far suggest that this statement is__________.
　　A. true B. false C. doubtful D. misleading

55. From the study of Twins Reared Apart, it would seem that
　　A. our dietary habits are formed mainly at puberty
　　B. the age at which we get mareied is determined by environment
　　C. whether we start smoking or drinking depends on intelligence
　　D. genes contribute a lot to the timing of events in our lives

Quesiions 56-60 are based on the following passage:
　　First aid means what it says: the aid , or help, that can be given to an injured person first, that is before any other help arrives. Nowadays there is usually a telephone not far away and the first thing we should do if a serious accident happens is to telephone for an ambulance. But sometimes quick action by us may save someone's life. Even when this is not so, there is often much that we can do to help. Shock: People often suffer from shock after receiving an injury, sometimes even when the injury is a small one. The face turns gray, and the skin becomes damp and cold. They breathe quickly. They should be kept-warm. Cover them with a blanket and give them a warm drink.
　　Broken bones: Do not move the patient. Send for an ambulance at once. Treat for shock if necessary.
　　Bleeding: A little bleeding does no harm. It washes dirt from the wound. But if the bleeding continues, try to stop it by placing a clean cloth (the inside of a folded handkerchief, for example) firmly over the wound until the bleeding stops or until help arrives.
　　Burns and Scalds: Place the burned or scalded part in cold water. Do not put any oil or ointment on it. If it is serious, see a doctor.
　　Dog Bites: Treat a bite as you would a cut -- wash it and bandage it. See a doctor at once.
　　Snake Bites: The person bitten must get to a doctor or hospital at once. Speed is very important. It will help the doctor greatly if you can tell him what kind
of snake it was or describe it.
　　Suffocation: This means not being able to breathe. For example, a drowning person will have his lungs full of water. Lay him down with his head lower than the
rest of his body so that the water will drain out. If a person has something stuck in his throat, try to remove it with your fingers, or by hitting him on the back.

56. What should we do first if there is a serious accident?
       A.Treat the injured person.
　　B.Telephone for an ambulance.
　　C. Find a nurse.
　　D. Look for some medicine.

57. Which ofthe following is NOT true about shock?
　　A. The person must be seriously injured.
　　B. The injured person's face turns gray.
　　C. The injured person may feel cold.
　　D. The person, if injured, breathe quickly.

58. Which of the following is NOT a correct way to treat bleeding ?
　　A. Trying to stop it if it continues.
　　B. Washing the wound with a handkerehief
　　C. Placing a clean piece of cloth over the wound.
　　D. Using the clean part of a handkerchiefto cover the wound.

59. The word suffocation in the last paragraph means "being unable to__________".
　　A. breathe at all B. lower the head C. move around D. drain out water

60. We put a drowning person's head lower than the rest of his body to__________.
　　A. empty his lungs
　　B. hit him on the back
　　C. let him breathe quickly
　　D. remove any stuck things

睿*

Questions 61-65 are based on the following passage:
　　Sailora, and Fishermen in particular, have always been extremely superstitious. This is hardly surprising when one considers the changeable nature of the sea
where, even today with sophisticated weather- forecasting techniques, a sudden storm can blow up quite unexpectedly. In the days before radio and engines, where there could bo no long-distance communication with another ship or land, and when sails were the only means of movement, it was only natural for the sailor to take every precaution to avoid offending the gods who controlled the Sea.
　　One way of pleasing these gods was to make an annual offering. This custom survives in the ceremony of blessing the sea, which can still been seen once a year in some fishing ports. Next to pleasing the sea- gods, the most important thing for the sailor was to know that his boat was free from evil influences. The
time to make sure of this was at the launching ceremony. It is clear that the well-known custom of launching a ship by breaking a bottle of champagne against the side goes back a very long way. The purpose of it is to keep away evil spirits rather than to ask
for the sea-god's protection. Starting on knew voyage or fishing t** was a dangerous business at tbe best of times. Once the fishermen had set out for his ship, he dared not, on any account, look back. It was bad luck even to call after him, so if he had forgotten
anything, someone had to run after him and put the object into his hands.
　　Bad luck could also result from some chance meeting on the way to the boats. In some countries it was considered particularly unlucky to meet a priest, a rabbit or a woman. In such an event, the only thing to do was to turn back and sail next day.

61. What made sailors and fishermen superstitious?
　　A. Their own changeable natures.
　　B. The unreliable nature of the sea.
　　C. The difficulty of communicating with land.
　　D. The inadequate techniques of weather forecasting.

62. The fishermen tried to please the sea gods by__________.
　　A. giving them presents every year.
　　B. going long distance with only sails.
　　C. cleaning the fishing ports every year.
　　D. avoiding communicating with other ships.

63. Sailors broke a bottle of champagne against the side of the boat__________.
　　A. to protect it from bad spirits.
　　B. to ask for the sea gods' protection. C. so that the ship could go a very long way.
　　D. so that they could start drinking and eating.
　　64. What happened if a fisherman forgot something when starting on a t**?
　　A. He went back for it.
　　B. Someone called him back for it.
　　C. He looked behind him and tried to find it.
　　D. Someone gave it to him without speaking.

65. If a fisherman met a woman on the way to his boat__________.
　　A. he wouldn't blame her.
　　B. he should turn his back on her.
　　C. he wouldnt go fishing that day.
　　D. he should come back the next day.

Questions 66-70 are based on thefollowing passage:
　　An allergy is an adverse reaction to a foreign substance, called an aliergen, which produces little or no ill effects in most other people. Most allppens are complex chemical substances, usually proteins or combinations of proteins and sugar molecules. Allergens
usually consist of many thousands of atoms that often weigh at least ten thousand times as much as a hydrogen atom. The molecular weight, therefore, is said to be
10,000 or more.
　　For a sufferer of pollen allergy, such as hay fever, a grain of pollen enters the nasal passage and becomes attached to the mucous membrane. The allergens
contained in the pollen are then dissolved by the nasal secretions and penetrate the outer layer of the mocous membrane. The major allergy producer in ragweed has
been named ragweed antigen E, a protein molecule with a molecular weight of 38,000. It represents less than 1 pereent of the ragweed pollen, but produces about 90 percent of all its allergic activities. The allergen is so destructive that an injection of a trillionth of a grain is enough to cause an allergic reaction in an allergic person.Scientists do not know why the ragweed allergen is so unusually reactive, although research has been undertaken for some time.

66. What do we know about allergen?
　　A. It contains only proteins.
　　B. It causes an allergy in most people.
　　C. It reacts with most other substances.
　　D. It leaves the majority of people unaffected.

67. What is unusual about ragweed antigen E?
　　A. It has high molecular weight.
　　B. It is the major pollen allergy producer.
　　C. 90 pereent of the ragweed pollen is stored in it.
　　D. A tiny amount of it produces high pollen allergy.

68. At what point does a pollen grain cause an allergy?
　　A. As soon as the grain enters the nasal passage.
　　B. When the nasal secretions destroy the allergens.
　　C. After the grain dissolves the mucous membrane.
　　D. When the allergens are absorbed into the mucous membrane.

69. Compared with a hydrogen atom, an allergen atom__________.
　　A. has a higher molecular weight.
　　B. weighs ten thousand times less.
　　C. owns more complex chemical substances.
　　D. contains more proteins and sugar molecules.

70. If an allergic person is injected with a minute amount of ragweed,antigen E, he would__________.
　　A. become very active.
　　B. be partially destroyed.
　　C. show reactive symptoms.
　　C. display destructive tendencies.

Answers:
　　l. D 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. B 9. C 10.B
　　ll.A 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.B 19.B 20.C
　　21.B 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.C 26.B 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.A
　　31.D 32.C 33.A 34.A 35.C 36.A 37.B 38.B 39.C 40.D
　　41.D 42.B 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.C 47.B 48.C 49.A 50.D
　　sl.D 52.D 53.A 54.A 55.D 56.B 57.A 58.B 59.A 60.A
　　61.B 62.A 63.A 64.D 65.C 66.D 67.D 68.D 69.A 70.C

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